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LESSON TITLE: DRIVE AN MTV CARGO TRUCK OFF ROAD
TASK NUMBER: 551-721-1360 (Drive Cargo Vehicle on Side Roads and Unimproved Roads)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

  TASK: Drive an MTV cargo truck (empty, partially loaded [2 to 3 tons], and fully loaded) off road.
  CONDITION: Given instruction, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, a suitable off-road training area, an MTV cargo truck with BII, vehicle loads, and a requirement to operate the vehicle off road (to include streams, ravines, gullies, ditches, wooded areas, rocky terrain, swamps, mud, and sand).
  STANDARD: Operate the vehicle safely at reduced speeds and over rough terrain without injury to personnel or damage to the vehicle.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Motor pool and off road driver training area as scheduled. A classroom is required if optional videotape is shown.

3. Training type: Conference and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the conference and one assistant instructor for each two students for the practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Rags, lubricants, coolant, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, an MTV cargo truck with BII for each two students, and vehicle loads. Television, VCR, and TVT 55-54 are required if the videotape is re-shown to the students. Hearing protection is required for all personnel.

7. References: AR 385-55 , DA Pamphlet 738-750, FM 21-305, and TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction.

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures:

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration.

NOTE: An instructor will be in the cab, sitting next to the driver (nothing between the student and instructor), whenever a student is driving the MTV cargo truck.

NOTE: The students will be required to drive the vehicle fully loaded, partially loaded, and empty. If three vehicles are used, the following arrangement will allow the students to rotate in a round robin fashion:

NOTE: To prevent loss of cargo or shifting en route, check cargo for blocking/bracing and cargo tie downs for security before operation and repeatedly during operation.

a. As an option, show TVT 55-54, to reinforce driving tasks. This step may be deleted because the students should have viewed this TVT in earlier lessons.

b. General off road driving procedures:

(1) Any time the vehicle is driven off-road, raise and hook the rear mud flaps to prevent them from being torn (remember to unhook them when going back to on road driving).

(2) If wheel slippage is apparent, pre-select the off-road mode on the transmission selector panel.

(3) When operating cross-country, pre-select the cross-country (X-C) mode on the CTIS selector panel. When the mission requires maximum traction in sand, snow, or mud, select sand on the selector panel. When the mission requires maximum traction in extremely adverse terrain, select emergency on the selector panel.

c. Shallow ditches require the following maneuvers:

(1) Stop the vehicle.

(2) Check the terrain for obstacles.

(3) Make sure mode on (off-road mode) shows in the transmission selector display window.

(4) Press the transmission down arrow until 4 mode on 2 show in the transmission display window.

(5) Steer the vehicle toward the ditch so that one wheel on the axle will leave the ditch as the other wheel on the same axle enters it.

d. Deep ditches require the following driving techniques:

(1) Stop the vehicle.

(2) Check the terrain for obstacles.

(3) Cut away sides of the ditch, if necessary.

(4) Make sure mode on (off-road mode) shows in the transmission selector display window.

(5) Press the transmission down arrow to control vehicle speed. (If this is an extremely deep ditch, press down arrow until 1 mode on 1 show in the transmission display window.)

(6) Approach the ditch at an angle.

(7) Accelerate the vehicle enough to keep it rolling as it goes up the other side.

e. Gullies and ravines require the following maneuvers:

(1) Stop the vehicle.

(2) Check the terrain for obstacles.

(3) Make sure mode on (off-road mode) shows in the transmission selector display window.

(4) Press the transmission down arrow to control vehicle speed. (If gully or ravine is extremely deep or have a steep grade, press down arrow until 1 mode on 1 show in the transmission display window.)

(5) Ease the front wheels over the edge into the ravine.

(6) Steer a straight course so that both front wheels strike the bottom at the same time.

(7) Accelerate enough so that the vehicle can climb up the opposite bank.

f. Forests or rocky terrain driving techniques include the following:

(1) Stop the vehicle.

(2) Check the terrain for obstacles. Ensure vehicle has enough clearance before driving over rough terrain. Rough terrain can damage components under vehicle. Avoid driving over rough terrain whenever possible.

(3) Ensure vehicle can clear overhanging tree limbs. Avoid driving under low overhead areas whenever possible.

(4) Fold the vehicle's side mirrors in as far as possible where area to the rear of vehicle is visible but mirrors will not be damaged.

(5) Remove tarps and bows as necessary.

(6) CTIS should be set to the cross-country (X-C) mode. Any lower tire pressure can cause breaks in the tires as large rocks force the tire to contact the rim.

(7) Make sure mode on (off-road mode) shows in the transmission selector display window.

(8) Press the transmission down arrow to control vehicle speed.

(9) Maneuver around obstacles.

(10) Steer vehicle straight up and down hills when possible. When necessary to drive across a hill, choose lowest angle possible. Keep vehicle moving. Avoid quick, sharp turns. Avoid driving diagonally on a hillside. You can lose control and roll the vehicle.

(11) Rocks and fallen leaves can be very slippery, especially when wet. Check tire traction and braking.

(12) Drive slowly choosing route while advancing. Drivers should achieve a "rolling" effect as they cross large rocks by braking as the vehicle's wheels ride over a rock so the axle settles relatively gently on the far side.

g. Fording shallow streams (30 inches or less) calls for these handling techniques:

(1) Stop the vehicle.

(2) Check the terrain for obstacles.

(3) Check the stream for depth and firm support.

(4) Tighten fuel tank cap.

(5) Secure all loose objects on vehicle.

(6) Make sure battery caps are all installed and tight. Make sure transmission dipstick is secured.

(7) Start engine. Make sure engine is running properly.

(8) Make sure mode on (off-road mode) shows in the transmission selector display window.

(9) Press the transmission down arrow to control vehicle speed. (The best selection for fording is 2 mode on 2).

(10) Turn the deep water-fording switch to on, the fan off indicator should be lit. (Turning this switch on disables the radiator fan when water depth is 20 inches or more. This prevents the water from pushing the composite fan blade into the engine).

WARNING

Do not attempt to cross water deeper than 30 inches. Limit vehicle speed while fording to 3 or 4 mph. Failure to do this will result in damage to the vehicle or injury or death to personnel.

(11) Enter water slowly at a gentle sloping area.

(12) Maintain a constant vehicle speed while fording, and exit water in an area with a gentle slope. Unless absolutely necessary, do not stop while in water.

(13) If vehicle accidentally enters water deeper than 30 inches-

  • Apply brake pedal and hold to stop vehicle.
  • Shift transmission to N.
  • Move the transmission shift lever to R.
  • Let up on the brake pedal and slowly back vehicle out of the water.

WARNING

Do not rely on service brakes until they dry out. Keep applying brakes until uneven braking ceases. Failure to do this will result in injury or death.

(14) After leaving the water, turn the deep water-fording switch to off, the fan off indicator should not be lit. (If the fan switch is left on, the engine will over heat.) Apply the brake pedal lightly and hold while driving slowly to dry out brake linings.

(15) When clear of the fording area, stop the vehicle, apply and release the parking brakes several times to remove water from brake components.

(16) Wash all parts of vehicle with fresh water as soon as possible and have organizational maintenance service it.

h. Operation in mud and swamps or sand require the following driving techniques:

(1) Operating in mud causes brake linings to get wet and can impair vehicle braking. If braking is impaired while operating in mud, dry brakes by driving vehicle about 500 feet while applying service brakes often. This must be done with brake drums totally out of mud so that drying action can take place. If drying brakes does not restore adequate braking, notify Unit Maintenance.

(2) Cover exposed glass surfaces when not needed for operations. Take care when cleaning glass to prevent scratching the surfaces.

(3) Check the air filter restriction gauge often. Shut down the engine immediately when the yellow diaphragm on the gauge enters the red zone and service the air filter. Check other gauges and indicator lights on the instrument panel assembly to be sure the sand does not affect other equipment.

(4) If wheel slippage is apparent, pre-select the off-road mode on the transmission selector panel.

(5) Press CTIS mode to sand.

(6) Accelerate slowly so tires do not spin and dig in sand or mud.

(7) Press the lower gear range (down arrow) button on the ECU push-button shift selector for added tire traction and to restrict vehicle speed.

(8) Keep the accelerator pedal steady after the vehicle reaches the desired speed.

(9) Turn the vehicle slowly when in loose sand or mud.

(10) Steer the vehicle straight up and down hills when possible.

  • Do not straddle or drive on the sides of sand mounds. Loose sand will not support the vehicle on steep slopes
  • When necessary to drive across a hill, choose the lowest angle possible. Keep the vehicle moving and avoid quick, sharp turns.
  • Avoid driving diagonally on a hillside. You can lose control and roll the vehicle.

(11) To move the vehicle forward and turn after the vehicle is stopped in loose sand or mud:

  • Press R (reverse) select button on the ECU push-button shift selector.
  • Press the accelerator pedal and move the vehicle straight back approximately 20 feet.
  • Release the accelerator pedal and press the brake pedal.
  • Press the D (drive) select button on the ECU push-button shift selector and press the down arrow to select a higher gear than gear selected when vehicle was stopped. (If 6 and 2 were selected last time, try 5 and 2 or 4 and 2.)
  • Release the brake pedal and press the accelerator pedal to move vehicle forward.
  • Gradually turn the vehicle.
  • Press higher gear select button (up arrow) on the ECU push-button shift selector when the vehicle picks up speed and is moving forward smoothly.

(12) If vehicle starts to skid:

  • Release the accelerator pedal.
  • Steer in the direction of the skid until the vehicle stops skidding.
  • Press the brake pedal lightly when the vehicle is under control.
  • Press the accelerator pedal slowly and steer the vehicle on a straight course.

(13) Park vehicle so it does not face wind whenever possible.

i. Clean mud off vehicle as soon as possible, giving special attention to wheels, brakes, axles, universal joints, steering mechanism, and radiator. Do not direct high-pressure water stream at glass surfaces, seals, air intake, exhaust outlet, or any other component of vehicle that could be easily damaged by high-pressure water stream.

j. Give safety briefing, to include reinforcing ground guide safety procedures for backing the vehicle.

3. Practical exercise.

a. Assign students to vehicles and issue TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , pencil, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), and equipment records folder. Tell students where rags, lubricants, and coolant are located.

b. Students perform before-operation PMCS.

c. Students practice driving the truck off road. During-operation PMCS is also conducted at this time.

NOTE: As each student practices driving, an assistant instructor rides in the seat next to the driver. The assistant instructor explains driving techniques, ensures the driver is aware of driving situations, and conducts AARs with each driver. Now is the time to pass on valuable experience and correct any bad driving habits.

d. Students perform after-operation PMCS. Ensure all operator entries required on DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E) and DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E) are accurate, complete, and legible.

4. Evaluate. Check each student's performance of PMCS and off road driving.

5. Summary.

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining. Retrain NO-GOs and slow learners. Students perform driving tasks daily and are tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when vehicles are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Do not park vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

3. Ensure the transmission is in N, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the vehicle, when the vehicle is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

4. Ensure all personnel remove all wristwatches, rings, bracelets, identification tags, neck chains, and any other jewelry before working in or around the vehicle. Jewelry may catch on equipment or may short across an electrical circuit or battery terminal.

5. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manual.

6. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals, especially the signal to stop, as outlined in FM 21-305.

7. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing and all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 mph or less. Operator has limited vision while backing vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

8. Hearing protection is required for all personnel working in and around this vehicle while the engine is running.

9. Inspect all seatbelts for damage. Seatbelt must be fastened before operating vehicle. Avoid sudden stops and operate at a safe speed. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

10. Do not pull seatbelt more than 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) away from shoulder and lock comfort latch. Seatbelt will not be effective if accident occurs. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

11. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact when mounting or dismounting the vehicle (to include performing PMCS). Keep steps and handholds clean and free of debris. The vehicle access ladder must be used to mount or dismount the cargo bed. Do not jump from the cab or bed of the vehicle. Use the available steps and handholds. This vehicle is built high from the ground and jumping from it may cause injury.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. The exhaust system can become very hot during vehicle operation. Be careful not to touch exhaust parts with bare hands or allow the body to come in contact with them. Exhaust system parts can become hot enough to cause serious burns.

14. Engine compartment and accessories may be extremely hot when engine is running or has been running recently. Use caution around engine when cab is raised. Ensure oil is cool before performing any maintenance, checks, or services. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

15. Engine compartment contains a partially exposed fan blade. Use extreme caution around front of engine. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

16. Never raise the cab while occupied. Remove all loose objects from the cab before raising it. Both doors must be securely closed before raising the cab. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is uphill on a steep grade. Keep personnel clear of the cab while it is being raised. Failure to do so may damage the vehicle, or cause injury or death to personnel.

17. The cab hydraulic latch must be securely locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

18. Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being raised or lowered. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

19. Do not use hand throttle control lever while driving vehicle. Vehicle control may be lost. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

20. If warning alarm stops and air pressure reading is below 65 psi (448 kPa), there may not be braking action. Shut down engine and check to see what is wrong. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

21. Sudden stops may cause vehicle wheels to lock. Apply even pressure on brake pedal when stopping vehicle on ice or snow. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

22. Do not press brake pedal hard three or four times in a row. Air supply will be used up and service brakes will not work until air pressure builds up again. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

23. Rear axle service brakes will not operate if rear brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi (448 kPa). Rear spring brakes will provide rear axle braking for a limited time. Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

24. Front axle service brakes will not operate if front brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi (448 kPa). Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

25. Service brakes will not operate if front brake air and rear brake air pressure gauge read below 65 psi (448 kPa). Spring brakes will apply. Discontinue vehicle operation. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

26. Do not operate vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

27. Vehicle must be secure. Chock tires when stopped on incline. Vehicle may roll. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

28. Never use parking brake for normal braking or wheels will lock up and cause vehicle to skid. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

29. Do not let vehicle coast down hill with transmission in neutral. Vehicle may increase speed and go out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

30. Excessive use of the service brake to control downhill speed will result in the loss of braking power because of heat buildup.

31. Do not rely on service brakes until they dry out. Keep applying brakes until uneven braking ceases. Failure to do this will result in injury or death.

32. Ensure a safe following distance and speed is maintained when driving on the designated route (as determined by the local command).

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

1. Ensure that all-hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are stored and labeled properly.

2. Ensure that spill kits are within reach when changing or adding vehicle fluids or in the case of vehicle failures. Spill kits should enable the soldiers to contain a spill on land or in water.

3. Ensure that drip pans remain under parked vehicles.

4. Ensure that containers are the proper size and type for draining vehicle fluids.

G. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 6 hours (.5 conference and 5.5 practical exercise, including 1.0 PMCS).


LESSON TITLE: DRIVE AN MTV CARGO TRUCK AT NIGHT
TASK NUMBER: 551-721-1366 (Drive Vehicle with Automatic Transmission)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

  TASK: Drive an MTV cargo truck at night.
  CONDITION: Given instruction, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, designated driving route (improved surfaced and secondary roads), an MTV cargo truck with BII and a requirement to drive a designated route at night with headlights using defensive driving (accident avoidance) methods; operate the lights, monitor gauges and indicator lights, manipulate the controls, and perform basic driving maneuvers to include downhill braking and backing using ground guides).
  STANDARD: Operate the vehicle correctly and safely without accident or injury.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Motor pool and driver training route (built up and rural areas) as scheduled.

3. Training type: Conference and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the conference and one assistant instructor for each two students for the practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Rags, lubricants, coolant, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, an MTV cargo truck with BII for every two students, and vehicle loads. Hearing protection is required for all personnel.

7. References: AR 385-55 , DA Pamphlet 738-750, FM 21-305, and TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction.

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures:

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration.

NOTE: An instructor will be in the cab, sitting next to the driver (nothing between the student and instructor), whenever a student is driving the MTV cargo truck.

a. Night driving factors.

(1) Driver factors:

  • Vision. The driver has limited vision at night because of the following:

 Eyes need time to adjust to the change between light and darkness.

 Drivers cannot see as sharply at night.

 Drivers cannot see to the sides as well at night.

  • Glare. Temporary blindness is caused by glare, normally from oncoming headlights but sometimes from other lights.
  • Fatigue. Reduces the ability to see clearly. The driver becomes less alert, slower to see hazards, and does not react as promptly.
  • Driver inexperience. Newness to driving, coupled with the problems of reduced vision, glare, and fatigue account for the fact new drivers have higher nighttime accident rates than more experienced drivers.

(2) Roadway factors:

  • Low illumination. Illumination provided by streetlights is often only fair to poor. On most roads, the only illumination is from the driver's headlights. Headlights are useful for a relatively short and narrow path directly ahead of the vehicle. Headlights do not bend around corners.
  • Variation in illumination. The driver must constantly adjust his eyes to different types and degrees of lighting. Flashing lights distract as much as they illuminate. Traffic signs are hard to see against the background of other lights especially in towns and cities.
  • Familiarity with roads. The driver needs to be particularly alert on roads that he has never driven during the day. On familiar roads, drivers tend to be overconfident. This is dangerous because of the following:

 The view of the roadway is not the same.

 Situations on some stretches will change.

  • Other road users. The driver must adjust his driving to hazards such as pedestrians, joggers, bicyclists, and animals.
  • Drinking drivers. The likelihood of encountering drunken drivers increases after sundown. Be especially alert when driving near roadside taverns and similar attractions.

(3) Vehicle factors:

  • Headlights. Sight distance is limited to the range of the headlights. Therefore, the driver must drive at a speed that allows him to stop within his sight distance.
  • Auxiliary lights. Other drivers better see trucks at night when reflectors, marker lights, clearance lights, taillights, and brake lights are clean and working properly.
  • Turn signals. The ability to communicate with other drivers depends on turn signals. Nonfunctional or dirty turn signal lights greatly increase the risk of an accident.
  • Windshield and wipers. A clean windshield and properly working wipers are a must for safe driving.
  • Mirrors. Mirrors help the driver see what is going on around him. Keep them clean and properly adjusted.

b. Night driving procedures.

(1) Preparing to drive at night:

  • Getting yourself ready.

 If you wear glasses, be sure they are clean.

 Remove sunglasses.

 Be well rested.

  • Plan your route.

 Know the location of rest stops.

 Plan for hazards such as unlighted areas, exit ramps, construction areas, and other changes in the highway environment.

  • Getting the vehicle ready.

 Ensure windshield, mirrors, lights, and reflectors are clean.

 Ensure all lights are operational.

(2) Driving at night:

  • Avoid blinding others.

 Dim high beams when oncoming vehicles are less than 500 feet away.

 Do not use high beams to retaliate against other drivers.

  • Avoid glare.

 Set interior panel lights at the lowest setting to reduce glare.

 Look to the right when oncoming vehicles are using high beams.

  • Maximize visibility.

 Use low beams when desired visual range is about 250 feet.

 Use high beams when there are no oncoming vehicles and desired visual range is 350 to 500 feet.

  • Adjust basic driving techniques.

 Exercise additional caution because of reduced vision.

 Signal earlier than you would during daylight to give other drivers more time to react.

3. Practical exercise.

a. Assign students to vehicles and issue TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , pencil, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), and equipment records folder. Tell students where rags, lubricants, and coolant are located.

b. Students perform before-operation PMCS to include the operation and cleanliness of all lights.

c. Give safety briefing with emphasis on safety precautions for night operations.

d. Students drive the designated route. During-operation PMCS is also conducted at this time.

NOTE: As each student practices driving, an assistant instructor rides in the seat next to the driver. The assistant instructor explains driving techniques, ensures the driver is aware of driving situations, and conducts AARs with each driver. Now is the time to pass on valuable experience and correct any bad driving habits.

e. Students perform after-operation PMCS. Ensure all operator entries required on DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E) and DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E) are accurate, complete, and legible.

4. Evaluate. Check each student's performance of PMCS and night driving.

5. Summary.

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining. Retrain NO-GOs and slow learners.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when vehicles are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Do not park vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

3. Ensure the transmission is in N, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the vehicle, when the vehicle is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

4. Ensure all personnel remove all wristwatches, rings, bracelets, identification tags, neck chains, and any other jewelry before working in or around the vehicle. Jewelry may catch on equipment or may short across an electrical circuit or battery terminal.

5. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manual.

6. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals, especially the signal to stop, as outlined in FM 21-305.

7. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing and all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 mph or less. Operator has limited vision while backing vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

8. Hearing protection is required for all personnel working in and around this vehicle while the engine is running.

9. Inspect all seatbelts for damage. Seatbelt must be fastened before operating vehicle. Avoid sudden stops and operate at a safe speed. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

10. Do not pull seatbelt more than 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) away from shoulder and lock comfort latch. Seatbelt will not be effective if accident occurs. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

11. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact when mounting or dismounting the vehicle (to include performing PMCS). Keep steps and handholds clean and free of debris. The vehicle access ladder must be used to mount or dismount the cargo bed. Do not jump from the cab or bed of the vehicle. Use the available steps and handholds. This vehicle is built high from the ground and jumping from it may cause injury.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. The exhaust system can become very hot during vehicle operation. Be careful not to touch exhaust parts with bare hands or allow the body to come in contact with them. Exhaust system parts can become hot enough to cause serious burns.

14. Engine compartment and accessories may be extremely hot when engine is running or has been running recently. Use caution around engine when cab is raised. Ensure oil is cool before performing any maintenance, checks, or services. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

15. Engine compartment contains a partially exposed fan blade. Use extreme caution around front of engine. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

16. Never raise the cab while occupied. Remove all loose objects from the cab before raising it. Both doors must be securely closed before raising the cab. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is uphill on a steep grade. Keep personnel clear of the cab while it is being raised. Failure to do so may damage the vehicle, or cause injury or death to personnel.

17. The cab hydraulic latch must be securely locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

18. Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being raised or lowered. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

19. Do not use hand throttle control lever while driving vehicle. Vehicle control may be lost. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

20. If warning alarm stops and air pressure reading is below 65 psi, there may not be braking action. Shut down engine and check to see what is wrong. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

21. Sudden stops may cause vehicle wheels to lock. Apply even pressure on brake pedal when stopping vehicle on ice or snow. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

22. Do not press brake pedal hard three or four times in a row. Air supply will be used up and service brakes will not work until air pressure builds up again. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

23. Rear axle service brakes will not operate if rear brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi. Rear spring brakes will provide rear axle braking for a limited time. Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

24. Front axle service brakes will not operate if front brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi. Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

25. Service brakes will not operate if front brake air and rear brake air pressure gauge read below 65 psi. Spring brakes will apply. Discontinue vehicle operation. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

26. Do not operate vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

27. Vehicle must be secure. Chock tires when stopped on incline. Vehicle may roll. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

28. Never use parking brake for normal braking or wheels will lock up and cause vehicle to skid. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

29. Do not let vehicle coast down hill with transmission in neutral. Vehicle may increase speed and go out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

30. Excessive use of the service brake to control downhill speed will result in the loss of braking power because of heat buildup.

31. Ensure a safe following distance and speed is maintained when driving on the designated route (as determined by the local command).

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

1. Ensure that all-hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are stored and labeled properly.

2. Ensure that spill kits are within reach when changing or adding vehicle fluids or in the case of vehicle failures. Spill kits should enable the soldiers to contain a spill on land or in water.

3. Ensure that drip pans remain under parked vehicles.

4. Ensure that containers are the proper size and type for draining vehicle fluids.

G. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 5 hours (.5 conference and 4.5 hours practical exercise, including 1.0 PMCS).


LESSON TITLE: CHANGE TIRE ON MTV CARGO TRUCK
TASK NUMBER: 551-721-1352 (Perform Vehicle Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

  TASK: Change a tire on the MTV cargo truck.
  CONDITION: Given instruction, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , rags, heavy work gloves, hearing protection, an MTV cargo truck with BII, and a requirement to change a simulated flat tire on the truck.
  STANDARD: Perform task in the correct sequence according to TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 and without damage to equipment or injury to personnel. Students will be graded on a GO/NO-GO basis.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Training area or motor pool as scheduled.

3. Training type: Demonstration and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the class and one assistant instructor for every six students for the demonstration, and one assistant instructor for every two students for the practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Rags, heavy work gloves, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , and an MTV cargo truck with BII for every two students. Hearing protection is required for all personnel.

7. References: TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction.

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures:

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration.

NOTE: Changing a tire on the MTV cargo truck is a two-soldier task. One soldier cannot safely do this task.

a. Review safety warnings.

b. Park the vehicle.

WARNING

Ensure the vehicle is parked on level ground before changing flat tire. The vehicle may roll. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

(1) Park the vehicle in a safe area, out of traffic, where there is no traffic danger to personnel changing the tire. Also, the vehicle must be parked on hard, level ground.

(2) Set the parking brake, shift the transmission range selector to N, and shut off the engine.

(3) Turn on emergency flashers as dictated by traffic hazards.

(4) Position emergency reflective triangles as dictated by traffic hazards.

(5) Chock the wheels. It is best to chock the front wheel on the opposite side of the vehicle from the flat tire. For example, if the right rear tire were flat, chock the left front tire, front and rear of the tire, to prevent movement in either direction.

c. Tools. Remove all necessary tools from vehicle and vehicle stowage boxes (jack, jack handle, 12-inch adjustable wrench, wheel lugnut wrench, and wheel lugnut wrench handle).

d. Lower the spare tire.

(1) Raise the cab (see previous lesson outline: Raise and Lower MTV Cab).

(2) Disconnect safety chain from spare tire retainer.

(3) Remove safety chain from spare tire.

(4) Lift latch on ratchet of spare tire restraining strap.

(5) Loosen spare tire restraining strap on ratchet.

(6) Remove spare tire restraining strap from ratchet.

(7) Disconnect spare tire restraining strap from spare tire retainer.

(8) Remove strap from spare tire.

(9) Lower cab (see previous lesson outline: Raise and Lower MTV Cab).

(10) At the hydraulic manifold, turn the spare tire knob to the lower position and the function select knob to the spare tire position.

WARNING

Tire weighs approximately 350 pounds. Do not stand in front of spare tire while lowering. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

CAUTION

Use caution when lowering tire to prevent damage to CTIS wheel valve. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(11) Press and hold the pump knob to lower spare tire to the ground. (Use the backup hydraulic pump if the temperature is below -25° F (-32° C) or if pressing the pump knob does not lower the spare tire.)

e. Position jack and remove the flat tire.

WARNING

Place the jack on a flat surface. Do not allow personnel under the vehicle when jacking. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

(1) Position jack for front tire removal.

  • Position jack under the saddle of the leaf spring.
  • Unscrew jack ram until it touches saddle.

(2) Position jack for rear tire removal.

  • Position jack under the shock mount.
  • Unscrew the jack ram until it touches the shock mount.

NOTE: Both the front and rear tires are removed the same way. Air will not escape when the CTIS hose is removed from the hollow wheel stud.

(3) Using the 12-inch adjustable wrench, loosen and remove the banjo bolt, washer, CTIS hose, and washer from the hollow wheel stud.

NOTE: Studs and lugnuts on the left side of the vehicle have left-hand threads. Turn lugnuts to the right to loosen, and to the left to tighten. Studs and lugnuts on the right side of the vehicle have right-hand threads. Turn lugnuts to the left to loosen, and to the right to tighten.

(4) Using the wheel lugnut wrench and the wheel lugnut wrench handle, loosen ten lugnuts. Do not remove lugnuts.

(5) Raise the jack until the flat tire is slightly off the ground.

NOTE: Steps (6) through (9) require the aid of an assistant. Both front and rear tires are removed the same way.

WARNING

Tire weighs approximately 350 pounds. One soldier should steady the tire during removal. A falling tire may cause injury or death.

(6) Remove the 10 lugnuts from the studs. Set the lugnuts aside.

(7) One soldier tilts the top of the flat tire forward, while the other soldier raises the jack slightly. The tire should move forward.

(8) Repeat step (7) to walk the flat tire off the studs. The wheel lugnut wrench handle may be used under the tire to assist sliding or creeping wheel away from the hub.

(9) Remove the flat tire and lean the flat tire against the vehicle out of the way.

f. Tire installation.

NOTE: Steps (1) through (5) require the aid of an assistant. Both front and rear tires are installed the same way.

(1) Remove chain from the spare tire and with the aid of an assistant; roll the spare tire up to the hub where the flat tire was removed.

CAUTION

Use caution when installing wheel and lugnuts. Do not drag wheel across studs or cross-thread lugnuts. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(2) Align the CTIS hose with the hollow wheel stud.

WARNING

The jack is under heavy pressure. Keep hand, arm, and head clear while slowly raising or lowering the jack to avoid injury to personnel. Do not lower the jack too quickly as the tire could fall causing serious injury or death.

(3) Slide the spare tire onto the hub and studs. The jack may have to be raised slightly to accommodate the spare tire. The wheel lugnut wrench handle may be placed near the bottom of the tire to either side and raised up to move the tire forward on the hub and studs.

(4) Continue with step (3) until the spare tire is seated on the axle and studs.

(5) Install and tighten the 10 lugnuts using the wheel lugnut wrench to tighten in the sequence as shown.

Figure 4-11. Lugnut tightening sequence.

(6) Use the jack to carefully lower the vehicle to the ground.

(7) Remove the jack and handle from under the vehicle.

(8) Tighten the 10 lugnuts in order as shown until they no longer tighten.

WARNING

Notify unit maintenance that lugnuts must be tightened to 415-475 pounds-feet as soon as possible. Tire may come loose if lugnuts are not tightened to proper torque. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

(9) Stow the jack and handle in the tool kit.

CAUTION

Do not over tighten screw when installing CTIS hose on hollow wheel stud. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment. Spare tire has a solid bolt installed, which must be removed and installed with banjo bolt. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(10) Install CTIS hose on hollow wheel stud with two washers and banjo bolt.

g. Stow tire.

WARNING

Handle the flat tire with care. Tire may have exposed broken metal cords or sharp debris in it. Failure to comply may result in injury to hands.

 

WARNING

Tire weighs approximately 350 pounds. Do not stand in front of tire while raising. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

 

CAUTION

CTIS valve of tire must be positioned toward cab. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(1) Roll flat tire under center of spare tire lift arm.

(2) Route chain through uppermost lughole in wheel.

(3) Connect chain to spare tire lift arm.

CAUTION

Use caution when raising tire to prevent damage to CTIS wheel valve. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

NOTE: Vehicle may have to be started to build up enough air pressure to raise the cab, stow the flat tire, and lower the cab.

(4) Raise the cab (see previous lesson outline: Raise and Lower MTV Cab).

(5) Turn the spare tire knob (6) to the raise position and the function select knob to the spare tire position.

CAUTION

Tire must be stowed against the back frame of the spare tire retainer. The tread engagers must be in the slots of the tire tread. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(6) Press and hold the pump knob to raise the spare tire lift arm to the stowed position. (Use the backup hydraulic pump if the temperature is below -25° F (-32° C) or if pressing the pump knob does not raise the spare tire.)

(7) Connect the strap to the spare tire retainer.

CAUTION

The spare tire-restraining strap must be tightened securely. A loose strap will allow the tire to move causing chafing of strap and possible loss of tire. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(8) Position the strap on the tire.

(9) Feed the other end of the strap through the ratchet.

CAUTION

Ensure that the strap is wrapped around the ratchet at least three complete wraps after tightening. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(10) Tighten the strap around the tire with the ratchet and close the ratchet latch.

CAUTION

Ensure that the safety chain is loose. If the safety chain is tight then the strap is not tight enough or the spare tire is not correctly positioned. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(11) Connect the safety chain to the spare tire retainer

(12) Route the other end of the safety chain through the tire and connect to the spare tire retainer.

(13) Lower the cab (see previous lesson outline: Raise and Lower MTV Cab).

h. Prepare vehicle for driving.

(1) Return all tools and wheel chocks to stowage boxes or locations.

(2) Stow vehicle access ladder (if used) and secure tailgate and/or side panels.

(3) Pick up and stow highway safety markers.

(4) At the earliest opportunity, have unit maintenance torque all nuts and bolts (lugnuts and banjo bolts) that were loosened during the tire changing procedure and repair or replace spare tire.

3. Practical exercise.

a. Assign two students to each vehicle and issue TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

b. Students practice changing simulated flat tires.

4. Evaluate. Check each student's performance.

5. Summary.

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining. Retrain NO-GOs and slow learners.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when vehicles are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Do not park vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

3. Ensure the transmission is in N, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the vehicle, when the vehicle is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

4. Ensure all personnel remove all wristwatches, rings, bracelets, identification tags, neck chains, and any other jewelry before working in or around the vehicle. Jewelry may catch on equipment or may short across an electrical circuit or battery terminal.

5. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manual.

6. Hearing protection is required for all personnel working in and around this vehicle while the engine is running.

7. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact when mounting or dismounting the vehicle (to include performing PMCS). Keep steps and handholds clean and free of debris. The vehicle access ladder must be used to mount or dismount the cargo bed. Do not jump from the cab or bed of the vehicle. Use the available steps and handholds. This vehicle is built high from the ground and jumping from it may cause injury.

8. Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

9. The exhaust system can become very hot during vehicle operation. Be careful not to touch exhaust parts with bare hands or allow the body to come in contact with them. Exhaust system parts can become hot enough to cause serious burns.

10. Never raise the cab while occupied. Remove all loose objects from the cab before raising it. Both doors must be securely closed before raising the cab. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is uphill on a steep grade. Keep personnel clear of the cab while it is being raised. Failure to do so may damage the vehicle, or cause injury or death to personnel.

11. The cab hydraulic latch must be securely locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

12. Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being raised or lowered. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. Engine compartment and accessories may be extremely hot when engine is running or has been running recently. Use caution around engine when cab is raised. Ensure oil is cool before performing any maintenance, checks, or services. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

14. Engine compartment contains a partially exposed fan blade. Use extreme caution around front of engine. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

15. Ensure the vehicle is parked on level ground before changing flat tire. The vehicle may roll. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

16. Tire weighs approximately 350 pounds. Do not stand in front of spare tire while lowering. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

17. Place the jack on a flat surface. Do not allow personnel under the vehicle when jacking. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

18. Tire weighs approximately 350 pounds. One soldier should steady the tire during removal. A falling tire may cause injury or death.

19. The jack is under heavy pressure. Keep hand, arm, and head clear while slowly raising or lowering the jack to avoid injury to personnel. Do not lower the jack too quickly as the tire could fall causing serious injury or death.

20. Notify unit maintenance that lugnuts must be tightened to 415-475 pounds-feet as soon as possible. Tire may come loose if lugnuts are not tightened to proper torque. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

21. Handle the flat tire with care. Tire may have exposed broken metal cords or sharp debris in it. Failure to comply may result in injury to hands.

22. Tire weighs approximately 350 pounds. Do not stand in front of tire while raising. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

1. Ensure that all-hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are stored and labeled properly.

2. Ensure that spill kits are within reach when changing or adding vehicle fluids or in the case of vehicle failures. Spill kits should enable the soldiers to contain a spill on land or in water.

3. Ensure that drip pans remain under parked vehicles.

4. Ensure that containers are the proper size and type for draining vehicle fluids.

G. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 3.5 hours (1.0 demonstration and 2.5 practical exercise).