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LESSON TITLE:

RAISE AND LOWER MTV CAB

TASK NUMBER: 551-721-1352 (Perform Vehicle Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

 

TASK:

Raise and lower MTV cab.

 

CONDITION:

Given instruction, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , an MTV cargo truck with BII, and a requirement to raise and lower the vehicle cab.

 

STANDARD:

Perform task in the correct sequence according to TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 and without damage to equipment or injury to personnel. Students will be graded on a GO/NO basis.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Motor pool as scheduled.

3. Training type: Demonstration and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the class and one assistant instructor for every two students for the demonstration and practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Hearing protection and an MTV cargo truck with BII for every two students.

7. References:TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction.

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures:

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration. Demonstrate correct procedures for raising and lowering the cab.

a. Raise the cab.

(1) Make sure LVAD model cabs are reconfigured (fully assembled) before raising them. That prevents damage to the windshield and other equipment.

(2) The vehicle air tanks should be fully charged. If the air tanks are fully charged, the cab may be raised and lowered twice without starting the engine.

(3) Pull out system park control. (The cab will not rise unless the parking brake is applied. The vehicle has an interlock switch that prevents this.)

(4) Remove any loose objects from the cab before raising it. When the cab is tilted forward, loose objects can crack or break the windshield and damage other parts of the interior.

(5) Make sure both cab doors are securely closed. Unsecured doors swing open, damaging hinges and slamming against anyone standing nearby.

(6) Cab height when raised is higher than normal. Make sure there is plenty of room above and in front of the cab before raising it.

WARNING

1. Never raise the cab while occupied. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.
2. Ensure both doors are securely closed before the cab is raised. Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being raised. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.
3. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is parked uphill on a steep grade. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

(7) Open the hydraulic manifold cover by removing the pin and lower the cover.

(8) Turn the cab tilt knob to the raise position and the function select knob to the cab tilt position.

(9) Press and hold the pump knob to raise the cab. Ease off the pump knob when the cab passes the halfway point. Let the cab's weight take it down as much as it will go. (Use the backup hydraulic pump if the temperature is below -25° F (-32° C) or if pressing the pump knob does not raise the cab.)

NOTE: If the automated system does not raise the cab, try each of the following, one at a time:

(a) Make sure the system park control is applied. (The cab will not rise unless the parking brake is applied.) If park brake is applied,

(b) Use the manual backup pump and automatic system at the same time. If that does not work,

(c) Have one person shake the cab while a second person operates the automated system and the backup pump. If the cab still will not raise,

(d) Contact organizational maintenance.

(10) Close and secure the hydraulic manifold cover.

WARNING

Engine compartment and accessories may be extremely hot when engine is running or has been running recently. Use caution around engine when cab is raised. Ensure oil is cool before performing any maintenance, checks, or services. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

 

WARNING

Engine compartment contains a partially exposed fan blade. Use extreme caution around front of engine. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

b. Lower the cab.

WARNING

Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being lowered. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

(1) Open the hydraulic manifold cover by removing the pin and lower the cover.

(2) Turn the cab tilt knob to the lower position and make sure the function select knob is at the cab tilt position.

(3) Press and hold the pump knob until the cab is fully lowered. (Use the backup hydraulic pump if the temperature is below -25° F (-32° C) or if pressing the pump knob does not lower the cab.)

WARNING

Cab hydraulic latch must be locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

(4) Check the cab's hydraulic latch to ensure it is securely latched. The button on the right side end of the hydraulic latch shows the status of the latch. Button in shows the cab is latched; button out shows the cab is not latched. The button can be difficult to see, so climb up onto the cargo bed and look at the latch from over the center of the spare tire.

(5) Close and secure the hydraulic manifold cover.

NOTE: All MTVs have a back-up manually operated hydraulic pump. If the powered hydraulic system fails, this pump provides the hydraulic pressure needed to use the cab tilt, suspension compression, and spare tire lowering and raising mechanism. Make sure the pump is exercised every month. That also keeps pump seals lubricated.

3. Practical exercise.

a. Assign two students to each vehicle.

b. Students practice raising and lowering the cab.

4. Evaluate. Check each student's performance.

5. Summary.

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining. Retrain NO-GOs and slow learners.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when vehicles are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Do not park vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

3. Ensure the transmission is in N, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the vehicle, when the vehicle is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

4. Ensure all personnel remove all wristwatches, rings, bracelets, identification tags, neck chains, and any other jewelry before working in or around the vehicle. Jewelry may catch on equipment or may short across an electrical circuit or battery terminal.

5. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manual.

6. Hearing protection is required for all personnel working in and around this vehicle while the engine is running.

7. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact when mounting or dismounting the vehicle (to include performing PMCS). Keep steps and handholds clean and free of debris. The vehicle access ladder must be used to mount or dismount the cargo bed. Do not jump from the cab or bed of the vehicle. Use the available steps and handholds. This vehicle is built high from the ground and jumping from it may cause injury.

8. Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

9. Pressure in radiator overflow tank must be released before removing cap. Do not remove radiator cap when engine is hot; steam and hot coolant can escape. Steam or hot coolant under pressure will cause injury such as serious burns.

10. The exhaust system can become very hot during vehicle operation. Be careful not to touch exhaust parts with bare hands or allow the body to come in contact with them. Exhaust system parts can become hot enough to cause serious burns.

11. Never raise the cab while occupied. Remove all loose objects from the cab before raising it. Both doors must be securely closed before raising the cab. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is uphill on a steep grade. Keep personnel clear of the cab while it is being raised. Failure to do so may damage the vehicle, or cause injury or death to personnel.

12. The cab hydraulic latch must be securely locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

13. Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being raised or lowered. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

14. Engine compartment and accessories may be extremely hot when engine is running or has been running recently. Use caution around engine when cab is raised. Ensure oil is cool before performing any maintenance, checks, or services. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

15. Engine compartment contains a partially exposed fan blade. Use extreme caution around front of engine. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

1. Ensure that all hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are stored and labeled properly.

2. Ensure that spill kits are within reach when changing or adding vehicle fluids or in the case of vehicle failures. Spill kits should enable the soldiers to contain a spill on land or in water.

3. Ensure that drip pans remain under parked vehicles.

4. Ensure that containers are the proper size and type for draining vehicle fluids.

G. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 1.5 hours (.5 demonstration and 1.0 practical exercise).

 


 

LESSON TITLE: PERFORM OPERATOR PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND SERVICES
TASK NUMBER: 551-721-1352 (Perform Vehicle Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

 

TASK:

Perform operator PMCS on an MTV cargo truck.

 

CONDITION:

Given instruction, DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, and an MTV cargo truck with BII.

 

STANDARD:

Inspect the vehicle according to the PMCS tables listed in TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , correct all faults within the operator's level of maintenance, and legibly record all others on DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E). If no faults are found, make necessary entries on DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E).

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Classroom and motor pool as scheduled.

3. Training type: Conference, demonstration, and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the class and one assistant instructor for every two students for the demonstration and practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Television, VCR, TVT 55-55, hearing protection, rags, lubricants, and coolant. DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil,TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, and an MTV cargo truck with BII for every two students.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, andTM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction.

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures:

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration.

a. Show TVT 55-55.

b. Demonstrate before, during, after, weekly, and monthly checks to students.

3. Practical exercise.

a. Assign students to vehicles and issueTM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , pencils, DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), and equipment records folder. Tell students where rags, lubricants, and coolant are located.

b. Students perform PMCS.

4. Evaluate. Check each student's PMCS performance.

5. Summary.

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining. Students perform PMCS daily and have it reinforced throughout the course. PMCS is tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when vehicles are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Do not park vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

3. Ensure the transmission is in N, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the vehicle, when the vehicle is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

4. Ensure all personnel remove all wristwatches, rings, bracelets, identification tags, neck chains, and any other jewelry before working in or around the vehicle. Jewelry may catch on equipment or may short across an electrical circuit or battery terminal.

5. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manual.

6. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals, especially the signal to stop, as outlined in FM 21-305.

7. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing and all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 mph or less.

8. Hearing protection is required for all personnel working in and around this vehicle while the engine is running.

9. Inspect all seatbelts for damage and ensure all occupants wear seatbelts while the vehicle is in operation.

10. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact when mounting or dismounting the vehicle (to include performing PMCS). Keep steps and handholds clean and free of debris. The vehicle access ladder must be used to mount or dismount the cargo bed. Do not jump from the cab or bed of the vehicle. Use the available steps and handholds. This vehicle is built high from the ground and jumping from it may cause injury.

11. Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

12. Pressure in radiator overflow tank must be released before removing cap. Do not remove radiator cap when engine is hot; steam and hot coolant can escape. Steam or hot coolant under pressure will cause injury such as serious burns.

13. The exhaust system can become very hot during vehicle operation. Be careful not to touch exhaust parts with bare hands or allow the body to come in contact with them. Exhaust system parts can become hot enough to cause serious burns.

14. Reemphasize the removal of all jewelry such as rings, dog tags, or bracelets before working around batteries. Be careful not to short out battery terminals. If jewelry or tools contact the battery terminal, a direct short may occur resulting in instant heating, damage to equipment, and injury to personnel. Do not smoke or use open flame near batteries. Batteries may explode from a spark. Battery acid is harmful to skin and eyes.

15. Wear safety goggles and acid-proof gloves when checking battery electrolyte level. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

16. Avoid electrolyte contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. If battery electrolyte spills, take immediate action to stop burning effects:

a. External: Immediately flush with cold running water to remove all acid.

b. Eyes: Flush with cold water for at least 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention.

c. Internal: Drink large amounts of water or milk. Follow with milk of magnesia, beaten egg, or vegetable oil. Seek immediate medical attention.

d. Clothing or Vehicle: Wash at once with cold water. Neutralize with baking soda or household ammonia solution. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

17. Diesel fuel is flammable. Do not fill fuel tank with engine running, while smoking, or when near an open flame. Never overfill the tank or spill fuel. If fuel is spilled, clean it up immediately. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

18. Ground fuel funnel or nozzle against filler neck to prevent sparks and be sure to replace fuel tank cap. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

19. Do not perform fuel/water separator checks, inspections, or draining while smoking, or when near fire or sparks. Fuel could ignite. Keep a fire extinguisher within easy reach when working with fuel. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

20. Do not put the vehicle in motion until the air pressure warning lights go out, and the alarm (buzzer) stops sounding. Air pressure gauges should indicate at least 90 psi. If warnings continue beyond three minutes, and/or pressure gauges do not reach 90 psi, shut down the engine and notify unit maintenance. Failure to do this will result in injury or death.

21. Never raise the cab while occupied. Remove all loose objects from the cab before raising it. Both doors must be securely closed before raising the cab. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is uphill on a steep grade. Keep personnel clear of the cab while it is being raised. Failure to do so may damage the vehicle, or cause injury or death to personnel.

22. The cab hydraulic latch must be securely locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

23. Adhesives, solvents, and sealing compounds can burn easily, can give off harmful vapors, and are harmful to skin and clothing. Keep away from open fire and use in well-ventilated area. If adhesive, solvent, or sealing compound gets on skin or clothing, wash immediately with soap and water. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

1. Ensure that all hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are stored and labeled properly.

2. Ensure that spill kits are within reach when changing or adding vehicle fluids or in the case of vehicle failures. Spill kits should enable the soldiers to contain a spill on land or in water.

3. Ensure that drip pans remain under parked vehicles.

4. Ensure that containers are the proper size and type for draining vehicle fluids.

G. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 1.5 hours (.5 conference, .5 demonstration and .5 practical exercise). The remaining PMCS is performed throughout the course in conjunction with driving tasks.

 


 

LESSON TITLE:

DRIVE AN MTV CARGO TRUCK

TASK NUMBER:

551-721-1366 (Drive Vehicle with Automatic Transmission)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

 

TASK:

Drive an MTV cargo truck.

 

CONDITION:

Given instruction, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, a suitable driver training area, an MTV cargo truck with BII, and a requirement to drive the truck; start the vehicle, put the vehicle in motion, read gauges, upshift and downshift the transmission, manipulate the controls, use correct braking procedures, perform basic driving maneuvers to include backing using ground guides, and shut off the engine.

 

STANDARD:

Operate the vehicle correctly and safely without accident or injury.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Classroom, motor pool, and training area as scheduled.

3. Training type: Conference, demonstration, and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the conference, one assistant instructor for the demonstration, and one assistant instructor for each two students for the practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Television, VCR, TVT 55-54, rags, lubricants, coolant, and 40 traffic cones or empty POL drums. DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA: Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil,TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, and an MTV cargo truck with BII for every two students. Hearing protection is required for all personnel.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, FM 21-305, and TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction.

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures:

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration.

NOTE: An instructor will be in the cab, sitting next to the driver (nothing between the student and instructor), whenever a student is driving the MTV cargo truck.

a. Show TVT 55-54.

b. Place vehicle in motion:

(1) Perform before-operation PMCS.

WARNING

The cab hydraulic latch must be locked before driving the vehicle. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

(2) Check the cab's hydraulic latch button's position to confirm the cab is latched. (Button in shows cab is latched: button out shows cab is not latched.)

(3) Remove and stow wheel chocks.

(4) Check load, if present, for blocking and bracing and cargo tie downs for security.

(5) Adjust seat as needed.

(6) Adjust each rear view mirror so back of truck and view of road can be seen.

(7) Adjust and fasten seatbelt.

WARNING

Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

(8) Start engine and allow it to warm up.

(9) Check all gauges and instruments. Ensure that they are registering normal readings.

WARNING

Do not operate the vehicle until the front and rear brake air pressure reaches at least 100 psi. Do not press the brake pedal hard three or four times in a row. Air supply will be used up and service brakes will not work until the air pressure builds up again. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

(10) Turn on lights as appropriate.

(11) Apply the service brake, and move the transmission range selector to drive (D).

NOTE: When the transmission is operating normally, left side of display window will indicate selected gear and right side of display window will indicate current operating gear.

(12) Release the parking brake by pushing in on the system park control.

(13) Release the service brake pedal and slowly press the accelerator pedal until the vehicle reaches the desired speed.

(14) Accelerate, brake, and steer as required.

WARNING

Do not use hand throttle while driving. When brakes are applied, the hand throttle does not automatically disengage. Using the hand throttle as a cruise control device will result in injury or death.

 

CAUTION

Do not hold the steering wheel at the full left or right position for longer than 10 seconds. Power steering oil overheating and pump damage can result.

WARNING

Exercise extreme care when making sharp turns with this vehicle. It may roll over which may result in personal injury or death.

(15) Press the down arrow button on the ECU push-button shift selector to shift transmission to a lower gear or the up arrow button to shift transmission to a higher gear as required by driving conditions.

c. Stop the truck.

(1) Release the accelerator pedal.

(2) Depress the brake pedal.

WARNING

Sudden stops may cause vehicle wheels to lock. Apply even pressure on brake pedal when stopping vehicle on ice or snow. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

WARNING

Rapid operation repeatedly of service brakes will consume compressed air supply and cause automatic spring brake application. Failure to follow proper service brake operating procedures may cause serious injury or death to personnel.

(3) As the vehicle begins to reduce speed, decrease brake pedal pressure.

(4) Stop smoothly by releasing the brake pedal pressure gradually as the stopping rate increases.

(5) After stopping, apply the brake just enough to keep the truck stopped.

d. Backing the truck. Since the driver cannot see directly behind his vehicle, backing is always a dangerous maneuver. Common sense therefore dictates that backing be avoided whenever possible. For example, if the vehicle must be parked, the driver parks so that he will be able to pull forward when leaving. Even though planning ahead can reduce the need to back, almost everyone who drives will have to back on occasion. These four simple rules will help in backing safely:

(1) Inspect your intended path.

(2) Back and turn toward the driver's side.

(3) Use four-way flashers and horn.

WARNING

Do not back up without a ground guide. The operator has limited vision while backing vehicle. Failure to do this may result in damage to vehicle, injury, or death.

(4) Use ground guide(s).

WARNING

When backing or going forward, ground guides should never stand directly in the vehicle's path. Keep 10 yards between the vehicle and ground guides at the front or rear and at the corners of the vehicle (never directly behind the vehicle). Ground guides must not position themselves between the vehicle being guided and another object where an inadvertent engine surge or momentary loss of vehicle control could cause injury. The vehicle driver will immediately stop the vehicle if he loses sight of ground guides or notes that the guide is dangerously positioned between the vehicle and another object. In such cases, the vehicle driver will secure his vehicle, dismount, and make an on-the-spot correction before commencing operations.

e. Park the truck and shut down the engine.

(1) Align the front tires in a straight-ahead position.

(2) Pull out system park control.

(3) Press N (neutral) button on the ECU push-button shift selector.

CAUTION

  • Allow the engine to cool before engine shutdown. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.
  • Engine temperature must be maintained at 165° F for the final 15 minutes prior to engine shutdown. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(4) Chock wheels (for proper placement see Figure 4-10). (The rear suspension of the MTV cargo truck is designed to ride over obstacles and can easily roll or be pushed over the chock blocks placed at the intermediate or rear wheels. The front axle suspension on these vehicles is much firmer; therefore, the rolling resistance is greatly increased.)

Figure 4-10. Correct chock block placement

(5) Run the engine at approximately 750 RPM for three to five minutes to allow the turbocharger and engine to cool down.

(6) Turn off lights, electrical accessories, and master power switch.

(7) Perform after-operation PMCS.

f. Give safety briefing to include safety restrictions and ground guide precautions for backing the truck.

g. Demonstrate hand and arm signals required for this exercise.

h. Demonstrate driving within the training area.

3. Practical exercise.

a. Assign students to vehicles and issue TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , pencil, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), and equipment records folder. Tell students where rags, lubricants, and coolant are located.

b. Students perform before-operation PMCS.

c. Students practice maneuvering the truck through the courses laid out in the training area(s). Sample training areas are in Chapter 6 (Figures 6-1 through 6-7). During-operation PMCS is also conducted at this time.

NOTE: As each student practices driving, an assistant instructor rides in the seat next to the driver. The assistant instructor explains driving techniques, ensures the driver is aware of driving situations, and conducts AARs with each driver. Now is the time to pass on valuable experience and correct any bad driving habits.

d. Students perform after-operation PMCS. Ensure all operator entries required on DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E) and DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E) are accurate, complete, and legible.

4. Evaluate. Check each student's performance of PMCS and driving.

5. Summary.

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining. Retrain NO-GOs and slow learners. This can be accomplished using TVT 55-54. Students perform driving tasks daily and are tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when vehicles are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Do not park vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

3. Ensure the transmission is in N, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the vehicle, when the vehicle is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

4. Ensure all personnel remove all wristwatches, rings, bracelets, identification tags, neck chains, and any other jewelry before working in or around the vehicle. Jewelry may catch on equipment or may short across an electrical circuit or battery terminal.

5. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manual.

6. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals, especially the signal to stop, as outlined in FM 21-305.

7. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing and all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 mph or less. Operator has limited vision while backing vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

8. Hearing protection is required for all personnel working in and around this vehicle while the engine is running.

9. Inspect all seatbelts for damage. Seatbelt must be fastened before operating vehicle. Avoid sudden stops and operate at a safe speed. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

10. Do not pull seatbelt more than 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) away from shoulder and lock comfort latch. Seatbelt will not be effective if accident occurs. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

11. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact when mounting or dismounting the vehicle (to include performing PMCS). Keep steps and handholds clean and free of debris. The vehicle access ladder must be used to mount or dismount the cargo bed. Do not jump from the cab or bed of the vehicle. Use the available steps and handholds. This vehicle is built high from the ground and jumping from it may cause injury.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. The exhaust system can become very hot during vehicle operation. Be careful not to touch exhaust parts with bare hands or allow the body to come in contact with them. Exhaust system parts can become hot enough to cause serious burns.

14. Engine compartment and accessories may be extremely hot when engine is running or has been running recently. Use caution around engine when cab is raised. Ensure oil is cool before performing any maintenance, checks, or services. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

15. Engine compartment contains a partially exposed fan blade. Use extreme caution around front of engine. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

16. Never raise the cab while occupied. Remove all loose objects from the cab before raising it. Both doors must be securely closed before raising the cab. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is uphill on a steep grade. Keep personnel clear of the cab while it is being raised. Failure to do so may damage the vehicle, or cause injury or death to personnel.

17. The cab hydraulic latch must be securely locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

18. Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being raised or lowered. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

19. Do not use hand throttle control lever while driving vehicle. Vehicle control may be lost. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

20. If warning alarm stops and air pressure reading is below 65 psi, there may not be braking action. Shut down engine and check to see what is wrong. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

21. Sudden stops may cause vehicle wheels to lock. Apply even pressure on brake pedal when stopping vehicle on ice or snow. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

22. Do not press brake pedal hard three or four times in a row. Air supply will be used up and service brakes will not work until air pressure builds up again. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

23. Rear axle service brakes will not operate if rear brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi. Rear spring brakes will provide rear axle braking for a limited time. Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

24. Front axle service brakes will not operate if front brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi. Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

25. Service brakes will not operate if front brake air and rear brake air pressure gauge read below 65 psi. Spring brakes will apply. Discontinue vehicle operation. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

26. Do not operate vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

27. Vehicle must be secure. Chock tires when stopped on incline. Vehicle may roll. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

28. Never use parking brake for normal braking or wheels will lock up and cause vehicle to skid. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

29. Do not let vehicle coast down hill with transmission in neutral. Vehicle may increase speed and go out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

30. Excessive use of the service brake to control downhill speed will result in the loss of braking power because of heat buildup.

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

1. Ensure that all hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are stored and labeled properly.

2. Ensure that spill kits are within reach when changing or adding vehicle fluids or in the case of vehicle failures. Spill kits should enable the soldiers to contain a spill on land or in water.

3. Ensure that drip pans remain under parked vehicles.

4. Ensure that containers are the proper size and type for draining vehicle fluids.

G. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 8 hours (.5 conference, .5 demonstration, and 7.0 practical exercise, including 1.0 PMCS).

 


 

LESSON TITLE:

DRIVE AN MTV CARGO TRUCK ON THE ROAD

TASK NUMBER:

551-721-1366 (Drive Vehicle with Automatic Transmission)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

 

TASK:

Drive an MTV cargo truck (empty, partially loaded [2 to 3 tons], and fully loaded) on the road (primary and secondary).

 

CONDITION:

Given instruction, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil, TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, designated driving route (improved surfaced and secondary roads), an MTV cargo truck with BII, vehicle loads, and a requirement to drive a designated route (to include making right and left turns, making gradual steering corrections, signal intentions in advance, pass oncoming vehicles, maintain vehicle interval, obey highway warning and regulatory signs, operate the lights as required, monitor gauges and indicator lights, upshift/downshift the transmission through all gear ranges, manipulate the controls, and perform basic driving maneuvers to include downhill braking and backing using ground guides).

 

STANDARD:

Operate the vehicle correctly and safely without accident or injury.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Motor pool and driver training route (built up and rural areas) as scheduled.

3. Training type: Conference and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the conference and one assistant instructor for each two students for the practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Rags, lubricants, coolant, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), pencil,TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , equipment records folder, an MTV cargo truck with BII for every two students, and vehicle loads. Hearing protection is required for all personnel.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, FM 21-305, andTM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 .

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction.

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures:

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration.

NOTE: An instructor will be in the cab, sitting next to the driver (nothing between the student and instructor), whenever a student is driving the MTV cargo truck.

NOTE: The students will be required to drive the vehicle fully loaded, partially loaded, and empty. If three vehicles are used, the following arrangement will allow the students to rotate in a round robin fashion:

NOTE: To prevent loss of cargo or shifting en route, check cargo for blocking/bracing and cargo tie downs for security before operation and repeatedly during operation.

a. Explain braking precautions-(Most likely, this is the first exposure to air brake equipped vehicles for these students. They really need to understand the difference between air brakes and hydraulic brakes.) MTVs have conventional air-brake systems, and air brakes can be sensitive. Air brakes are unique in that braking force is proportional to pedal travel, but the driver does not experience resistance from the brake pedal. Air brakes do not "feel" like hydraulic brakes. The untrained driver - or even the cross-trained one - may respond to this lack of resistance by applying too much force to the brake pedal. This causes the brakes to lock up and the vehicle to become uncontrollable. All drivers of these trucks must be thoroughly trained in operating tactical trucks with air brakes. Warnings are printed in the technical manual. These warnings can also be considered controls:

WARNING

Do not operate the vehicle until the front and rear brake air pressure reaches at least 100 psi. Do not press the brake pedal hard three or four times in a row. Air supply will be used up and service brakes will not work until the air pressure builds up again. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel

WARNING

Sudden stops may cause the vehicle wheels to lock. Apply even pressure on the brake pedal when stopping vehicle on ice and snow. Failure to apply brakes gradually can result in injury or death.

WARNING

Never use the parking brake for normal braking. The wheels will lock up causing a severe skid. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

b. Explain procedures for hill climbing-

(1) The engine works hardest when moving a loaded vehicle up a grade. Proper use of gear ranges will shorten the time on hills.

(2) Unless the hill is extreme, begin in gear range D (drive), and depress the accelerator pedal all the way downward. (The selector display window should indicate the gear the transmission is in and the maximum forward gear available such as 7 and 2.) Keep it there as the vehicle moves up the grade. Remain in this gear range and allow the transmission to upshift and downshift automatically. If the transmission is constantly changing gears, push the down arrow one selection at a time, such as 6 then 5.

(3) When you reach the top of the hill, manually (press the down arrow) downshift the transmission to the gear that the transmission is in. This is normally the gear the truck should be in to descend the other side of the hill.

c. Explain procedures for downhill driving.

(1) Select a "safe" speed that is not too fast for the following:

  • Total weight of the vehicle and cargo.
  • Length of the grade.
  • Steepness of the grade.
  • Road conditions.
  • Weather.

(2) Manually downshift the transmission (press the down arrow) into a lower gear before starting downgrade. (The general rule is to use the same gear to descend the grade that would be needed to climb the grade.)

WARNING

Do not allow the vehicle to coast in N (neutral). Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

(3) Check brakes before starting the downgrade.

(4) Pay attention to signs indicating the location of escape ramps.

WARNING

Transmission incorporates a hold feature to prohibit upshifting above selected gear during normal driving. However, during downhill operation, transmission may upshift above selected gear. On downgrades, vehicle speed may need to be restricted by using service brakes. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

CAUTION

If illumination of last selected gear (in left side of display window) goes out, transmission ECU pushbutton shift selector has detected a problem that needs correcting. Do not attempt to shift transmission to N (Neutral) or any other gear. Operate vehicle at reduced speed to a safe parking location. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(5) When vehicle speed reaches the maximum "safe" speed, apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown.

(6) When the vehicle speed has been reduced to approximately 5 mph below the "safe" speed, release the brakes. (This brake application should last for about 3 seconds.)

NOTE: New drivers generally have two problems with air brake systems on down grades:

(7) When vehicle speed has increased to the "safe" speed, repeat steps (5)and (6).

(8) If braking power diminishes, pull off to the side of the road and allow the brakes to cool.

CAUTION

Excessive use of the service brake to control downhill speed will result in the loss of braking power because of heat buildup.

WARNING

Rapid operation repeatedly of service brakes will consume compressed air supply and cause automatic spring brake application. Failure to follow proper service brake operating procedures may cause serious injury or death to personnel.

d. Explain following distances-

(1) Maintain one second for each ten feet of vehicle length (40 mph and less). (The M1083 22.75 feet long and the M1086 is 31.67 feet long [other models vary], so at speeds of up to 40 mph, allow three seconds following distance for the M1083 and four seconds following distance for the M1086.)

(2) Increase by one second for speeds over 40 mph. At 45 mph allow four seconds following distance for the M1083 and allow five seconds following distance for the M1086.

(3) Increase by several seconds for rain, fog, and winter conditions.

e. Explain driving in adverse weather conditions. Two major hazards associated in driving during adverse weather conditions are reduced visibility and reduced traction.

(1) Countermeasures for driving during periods of reduced visibility:

  • Travel at reduced speeds and be prepared to meet sudden changes in road conditions.
  • Do not use high beams. Switch to low beams if high beams are on.
  • Look to the right if blinded by oncoming vehicles.
  • Do not overrun the headlights and stay twice the normal distance from the vehicle ahead.
  • Give turn signals sooner.
  • Apply brakes sooner and press brake pedal lightly to give early warning that vehicle will slow or stop.
  • Use defrosters and wipers to help keep the windshield clear.
  • Keep windshield, windows, mirrors, headlights, brake lights, reflectors, and area around air cleaner intake free of snow and ice. Snow and ice may melt, refreeze, and cause restriction in the air intake system.
  • Watch for pedestrians and vehicles pulled over to the side of the road.
  • Use caution when weather reduces visibility to near zero. This is particularly true at night, in heavy snow, in a downpour of rain or dense fog. When this happens, it is unsafe to drive.

  Exit the highway, stop, and wait until visibility improves before continuing.

  Do not stop on the shoulder with flashers on. Stopping on shoulders may induce a rear end collision/chain reaction.

(2) Reduced traction countermeasures:

  • Install tire chains, if needed, for snow or ice. When tire chains are used they must be used on all four-rear wheels. Tire chains must not be used when driving on hard surfaces where there is no wheel slippage. The maximum speed limit for vehicles with tire chains on highways is 10 mph and off highway is 15 mph.

WARNING

Sudden stops may cause vehicle wheels to lock. Apply even pressure on brake pedal when stopping vehicle on ice or snow. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

WARNING

Rapid operation repeatedly of service brakes will consume compressed air supply and cause automatic spring brake application. Failure to follow proper service brake operating procedures may cause serious injury or death to personnel.

 When driving in rain or near freezing temperatures, feel for ice along the front of a mirror. If ice is there, it may be on the road surface as well.

 When in doubt, test surface traction by first checking to see that nothing is following your vehicle, then slow down and apply the brakes gently to see if the vehicle skids.

 Let up on the accelerator pedal.

 Steer in the same direction in which the rear of the vehicle is skidding.

 When vehicle is under control, press the brake pedal lightly.

 Steer vehicle on a straight course and slowly press the accelerator pedal.

 Let up on the accelerator pedal.

 Steer the vehicle in the direction of the slide until the vehicle stops sliding.

 Slowly press the accelerator pedal and steer the vehicle on a straight course.

 Shovel clear path ahead of each wheel. Put boards, brush, sand, gravel, or similar material in cleared paths to get better traction.

 Lower the CTIS tire pressure to the emergency setting.

 Press the mode button on the ECU control panel to select the off-road mode. Do not rock the vehicle or spin the wheels.

 If vehicle remains stuck, use wrecker or another vehicle equipped with winch to tow or winch the stuck vehicle.

 If vehicle is equipped with a self-recovery winch, it may be used to help free the vehicle.

 Continue to drive slowly.

 Apply moderate pressure on brake pedal to cause slight brake drag.

 When brakes are dry and they no longer slip and uneven braking ceases, let up on the brake pedal.

 Resume normal driving speed.

  Frequently scan the roadway ahead.

  Identify a black tar area ahead.

  Maintain steady speed.

  Make no sudden steering maneuvers.

  Make no sudden braking maneuvers.

  If braking is required, ensure all wheels are on a similar surface.

f. Explain driving on secondary roads-

(1) Select the cross-country (X-C) setting on the CTIS selector panel. Speed in this mode is limited to 40 mph. If this speed is exceeded for more than two minutes, CTIS will automatically inflate the tires to the highway setting. At the highway setting, this smaller footprint can cause traction problems and the driver may lose control of the vehicle.

(2) Do not drive in dust clouds creating by other vehicles. Maintain a longer following distance when traveling on dusty roads. Establish procedures to warn approaching vehicles in dust and other restricted visibility conditions of vehicles that are stopped or broken down.

(3) Drive slowly on secondary roads. All models of the MTV have been known to lose traction on secondary roads, especially when the vehicles are empty or lightly loaded. This is because the rear wheels tend to bounce on the rough road.

(4) Travel on the solid part of the roadway and stay away from the edge of soft shouldered roads. Edges of trails and secondary roads have been known to give way, causing the vehicle to roll on its side.

g. Give safety briefing to include safety restrictions and ground guide precautions for backing the truck.

3. Practical exercise.

a. Assign students to vehicles and issue TM 9-2320-366-10-1 and 10-2 , pencil, DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E), DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E), and equipment records folder. Tell students where rags, lubricants, and coolant are located.

b. Students perform before-operation PMCS.

c. Students practice driving the truck on the road (primary and secondary). During-operation PMCS is also conducted at this time.

NOTE: As each student practices driving, an assistant instructor rides in the seat next to the driver. The assistant instructor explains driving techniques, ensures the driver is aware of driving situations, and conducts AARs with each driver. Now is the time to pass on valuable experience and correct any bad driving habits.

d. Students perform after-operation PMCS. Ensure all operator entries required on DD Form 1970 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5987-E) and DA Form 2404 (or ULLS generated DA Form 5988-E) are accurate, complete, and legible.

4. Evaluate. Check each student's performance of PMCS and driving.

5. Summary.

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining. Retrain NO-GOs and slow learners. Students perform driving tasks daily and are tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when vehicles are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Do not park vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

3. Ensure the transmission is in N, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the vehicle, when the vehicle is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

4. Ensure all personnel remove all wristwatches, rings, bracelets, identification tags, neck chains, and any other jewelry before working in or around the vehicle. Jewelry may catch on equipment or may short across an electrical circuit or battery terminal.

5. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manual.

6. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals, especially the signal to stop, as outlined in FM 21-305.

7. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing and all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 mph or less. Operator has limited vision while backing vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

8. Hearing protection is required for all personnel working in and around this vehicle while the engine is running.

9. Inspect all seatbelts for damage. Seatbelt must be fastened before operating vehicle. Avoid sudden stops and operate at a safe speed. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

10. Do not pull seatbelt more than 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) away from shoulder and lock comfort latch. Seatbelt will not be effective if accident occurs. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

11. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact when mounting or dismounting the vehicle (to include performing PMCS). Keep steps and handholds clean and free of debris. The vehicle access ladder must be used to mount or dismount the cargo bed. Do not jump from the cab or bed of the vehicle. Use the available steps and handholds. This vehicle is built high from the ground and jumping from it may cause injury.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of vehicle before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. The exhaust system can become very hot during vehicle operation. Be careful not to touch exhaust parts with bare hands or allow the body to come in contact with them. Exhaust system parts can become hot enough to cause serious burns.

14. Engine compartment and accessories may be extremely hot when engine is running or has been running recently. Use caution around engine when cab is raised. Ensure oil is cool before performing any maintenance, checks, or services. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

15. Engine compartment contains a partially exposed fan blade. Use extreme caution around front of engine. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

16. Never raise the cab while occupied. Remove all loose objects from the cab before raising it. Both doors must be securely closed before raising the cab. Never raise the cab when the vehicle is uphill on a steep grade. Keep personnel clear of the cab while it is being raised. Failure to do so may damage the vehicle, or cause injury or death to personnel.

17. The cab hydraulic latch must be securely locked before driving vehicle. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel or damage to equipment.

18. Do not allow personnel near cab while the cab is being raised or lowered. Cab doors could open or the hydraulic system could fail. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death to personnel.

19. Do not use hand throttle control lever while driving vehicle. Vehicle control may be lost. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

20. If warning alarm stops and air pressure reading is below 65 psi, there may not be braking action. Shut down engine and check to see what is wrong. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

21. Sudden stops may cause vehicle wheels to lock. Apply even pressure on brake pedal when stopping vehicle on ice or snow. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

22. Do not press brake pedal hard three or four times in a row. Air supply will be used up and service brakes will not work until air pressure builds up again. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

23. Rear axle service brakes will not operate if rear brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi. Rear spring brakes will provide rear axle braking for a limited time. Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

24. Front axle service brakes will not operate if front brake air pressure gauge reads below 65 psi. Allow greater stopping distance. Discontinue vehicle operation as soon as possible. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

25. Service brakes will not operate if front brake air and rear brake air pressure gauge read below 65 psi. Spring brakes will apply. Discontinue vehicle operation. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

26. Do not operate vehicle with spring brakes released. Vehicle can roll once spring brakes are released. Use wheel chocks to prevent vehicle from rolling out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

27. Vehicle must be secure. Chock tires when stopped on incline. Vehicle may roll. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

28. Never use parking brake for normal braking or wheels will lock up and cause vehicle to skid. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

29. Do not let vehicle coast down hill with transmission in neutral. Vehicle may increase speed and go out of control. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

30. Excessive use of the service brake to control downhill speed will result in the loss of braking power because of heat buildup.

31. Ensure a safe following distance and speed is maintained when driving on the designated route (as determined by the local command).

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

1. Ensure that all-hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are stored and labeled properly.

2. Ensure that spill kits are within reach when changing or adding vehicle fluids or in the case of vehicle failures. Spill kits should enable the soldiers to contain a spill on land or in water.

3. Ensure that drip pans remain under parked vehicles.

4. Ensure that containers are the proper size and type for draining vehicle fluids.

G. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 12.5 hours (1.0 conference and 11.5 practical exercise, including 3.0 PMCS).


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